Phylum：Anamorphic fungi　>>　Class： Anamorphic fungi　>>　 Order： Anamorphic fungi 
   
 
　BCRC Number： NO BCRC Number!  
   
　Scientific Name： Penicillium calidicanium
 
   
   
　Author：

Penicillium calidicanium J.L. Chen et al., Mycologia 94: 866-872. 2002.
   
 
 
 
 
　Description： On CYA, 25°C, 7 d, colonies growing rapidly, 36-47 mm diam, velutinous, grayish yellow (2-3B3-4), grayish green (29-30C-D4-5) to grayish blue or dull blue (23-24C-E3-4), margins low, regular, white; synnemata abundant, crowded, up to 5 mm high, clavate to elongate-clavate with pale yellow to yellow sterile stalks; mycelium white to yellow (3A3-6); sporulation moderate to abundant, grayish to grayish green (29-30C-D4-5), or grayish blue to dull blue (23-24C-E3-4); exudate clear; soluble pigment absent or dull red (10-11B-C3-4) in age (after 14d); reverse pale yellow (4A3-8) to deep yellow or brown (6D-E6-8). On MEA, 25°C, 7 d, colonies growing rapidly, 41-53 mm diam, plane, more or less zonate (concentric zones), grayish green to dark green (30B-F3-5); synnemata moderately abundant, crowded or scattered, up to 7 mm long, clavate to elongate-clavate with pale yellow sterile stalks; margins plane, regular, white; mycelium white; sporulation abundant, gray green to dark green (30C-F4-6); exudate clear; soluble pigment absent; reverse pale brown, yellow-ish brown (5D-E4-5) to brown (6C-F4-7). On G25N, 25°C, 7 d, no germination. On Cz, 25°C, 7 d, colonies 21-27 mm diam; 14 d, colonies 57-63 mm diam, velutinous; synnemata abundant, up to 8 mm high; mycelium pale yellow to dull yellow (3A-B3-4); sporulation abundant, dark green (30D-F3-5); exudate clear to pale red (7-8A2-3); soluble pigment absent; reverse yellow (3-4A-B3-5) to dull yellow or yellow-brown (5-6D-E4-6). On CYA, MEA and Cz at 5°C or 37°C, 7 d, no germination. Micromorphology on CYA 25°C 7 d: Conidiophores borne on surface hyphae and synnemata (often anastomosing); stipes determinate (32.5-200 μm high) or indeterminate, erect, sinuous, flexuous, finely roughened to roughened or verruculose, hyaline to subhyaline or pale olivaceous, septate, 2-4.2 μm wide; penicilli mostly biverticillate, sparsely irregularly branched; rami in groups of 2, finely roughened to roughened 12-16.8 × 2.4-3.7 μm; metula in groups of 3-8, finely roughened, subhyaline or pale olivaceous, 6.4-13.6 × 2-4 μm; phialides in verticils of 3-8, ampulliform to acerose, with short collula, finely roughened, hyaline to pale olivaceous, 5.6-10.4 × 2-3 μm; conidia mostly ellipsoidal, short-fusiform, rarely ovoid or subglobose, 2.4-3.8 × 1.6-3 μm, spiral-striated transversely by LM and appearing reticulate by SEM, hyaline, pale olivaceous to pale dull olivaceous, often with narrow disjunctors, borne in long disordered chains and over the entire synnematal head in closely packed columns. Micromorphology on MEA 25°C 7 d: Conidiophores borne from synnemata and surface hyphae, often anastomosing (especially on synnemata); stipes determinate (40-240 μm high) or indeterminate, straight, septate, finely roughened, hyaline, thick-walled, 2.8-4 μm wide; penicilli mostly biverticillate, sparely monoverticillate or terverticillate; rami in groups of 2-3, 16.8-20 × 2.4-3.2 μm; metula in groups of (2)3-8, 7-16 × 2.2-3.4 μm, finely roughened, hyaline; phialides in verticils of 3-8, ampulliform to acerose, with short collula, smooth to finely roughened, hyaline, 6.8-11.2 × 1.6-3 μm; conidia mostly ellipsoidal to fusiform, rarely subglobose, ovoid, 2.5-4.4 × 1.9-3.2 μm, finely roughened to roughened or spiral-striated, hyaline, pale green to pale dull green, borne in long disordered chains.
 
 
 
 
 
　Specimens：

Taiwan, Nantou County, from soil, 31 Mar 1996, J.L. Chen, Holotype: CFC-7, isotype: TNM F12246.
 
 
 
　Habitat： from soil.
 
 
 
　Distribution：

Taiwan.
 
 
 
　References：

Chen, JL et al. 2002.
   
   
   
　Provided：

J. L. Chen
 
 
　Note： The closest species is P. vulpinum, which usually produces clavate synnemata, irregularly branched penicilli, few phialides per metula and larger, smooth conidia, all of which distinguish it from P. calidicanium.