Talaromyces emersonii Stolk, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 31: 262. 1965; Stolk & Samson, The genus Talaromyces p. 48. 1972.
Anamorph: Penicillium emersonii Stolk, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 31: 262 1965.
Description：
Colonies on PDA, growing very well, reaching whole plate in 7 days at 40°C, forming abundant ascpcarps and mixed with conidial structures; the color first White and Pale Yel-low, then turning Orange; reverse Orange, Empire Yellow and Pirard Yellow.
Ascocarps forming a layer, white to pale yellow and orange by age; hyphae loosely covering ascocarps without peridium, easily crushed, 40-140 (-200) μm. Ascus in chains with 4-8 ascospores, subglobose to elliptical, 6.3-8.0 × 7.0-9.1 μm; Ascospores yellowish brown, smooth, globose, subglobose or ovidal, 2.3-3.7 × 3.4-4.0 μm.
Conidiogenesis: Considiophore produced from aerial or prostrate mycelium, septate, wall verrucose to smooth, bearing terminal penicilli, 2.8-44.5 × 15.5-60 μm. Penicilli monoverticillate, biverticillate-asymmetrical and irregularily branching. Phialides 3-5, yellowish brown with smooth or slightly roughened walls, 2.3-2.8 × 8-10.8 μm; Metulae 2-5, with roughened walls, 2.9-6.3 × 10.3-15.4 μm; Rami 2-3, pale gray, wall roughened, 3.1-3.4 × 17.7-21.9 μm. Conidia pale yellow, smooth globose to subglobose, (2.6-2.9 μm. in diam), elliptical (2.3-2.9 × 2.8-4.4 μm), or cylindrical (1.8-2.9 × 3.4-4.7 μm).
Chen, GY and Chen, ZC. 1991; Stolk, AC and Samson, RA. 1972.
Provided：
K. Y. Chen
Note：
Temperature tests: The present isolates of T. emersonii could not grow at all media tested below 30℃. Growth rate of mycelia on CYA was slower than those of PDA and MEA at high temperatures range between 40°C-50°C, which were also the optimum growth tem-peratures of present isolates. Ascomata were abundantly produced on PDA and MEA at 35°C and 40°C and none on CYA medium. In contrast, conidia were abundantly produced at the same temperature range on CYA and less in both PDA and MEA. At 50°C, although no ascomata was formed in all media tested, the optimum growth of mycelia and abundance formation of conidia were observed.
The isolates described here were identified based on an original descrip¬tion of Stolk (1965) and are the typical thermophilic fungi. No growth below 30°C and the phenomena of development of other temperatures were identical to descriptions of Awao & Otsuka (1973). The apices of metulae or phialides were swollen at 50°C. In most cases, ascocarps first turned to yellow, then to orange, except a few plates without color change and keep yellow color throughout. This character was identical with the strain of Evens（1971）, which may be a mutant form. Lee（1981） isolated this species from rice straw etc. from Taiwan and studied the production of cellulose of this fungus without any morphological description. The present description is intended to supplement this need.
Phylum：Ascomycota >> Class： Ascomycetes >> Order： Eurotiales 
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